Mount Rinjani, located on Lombok Island in Indonesia, is one of the most spectacular volcanoes in the world. Rising 3,726 meters above sea level, it is the second-highest volcano in Indonesia, drawing trekkers from across the globe. Known for its breathtaking crater lake, Segara Anak, and panoramic summit views, it is a place of both natural beauty and geological power. However, before setting out, trekkers must understand one critical fact: Mount Rinjani is an active volcano.
In this guide, we provide a comprehensive overview of Rinjani’s volcanic activity, safety measures, trekking routes, cultural significance, and everything you need to know to prepare for this unforgettable adventure.
Understanding Mount Rinjani’s Geological Background
Mount Rinjani is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a seismically active region known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The mountain’s vast caldera stretches around 50 km² and houses Segara Anak Lake, a striking turquoise volcanic lake spanning 11 km².
Within this lake rises Mount Barujari, often called the “Child of Rinjani,” which is the source of most recent eruptions. The mountain’s activity is driven by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate, creating the dynamic volcanic landscape that makes Rinjani both fascinating and unpredictable.
Is Mount Rinjani Currently Active?
Yes, Mount Rinjani is classified as active, but activity does not always mean eruptions. The volcano’s condition is closely monitored by Indonesia’s Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (PVMBG).
Activity may include:
- Small tremors detected by seismic instruments.
- Smoke or gas emissions from the crater.
- Ash plumes from Mount Barujari.
Periods of calm are common, allowing trekking routes to remain open. However, when seismic activity increases, authorities may restrict access to ensure safety.
History of Mount Rinjani Eruptions
Mount Rinjani has a long and dramatic history of eruptions, some of which have had global impacts.
- 1257 AD – One of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history. Ash deposits suggest it caused worldwide climate cooling.
- 1994 – A significant eruption affected nearby villages and trekking activities.
- 2010 – Ash clouds forced the temporary closure of Lombok’s international airport.
- 2015–2016 – Eruptions from Mount Barujari led to widespread flight cancellations across Lombok and Bali.
- 2018 – After a series of earthquakes struck Lombok, volcanic activity increased, resulting in partial trekking closures.
This history highlights why checking volcanic activity updates before a trek is essential.
Impact of Volcanic Activity on Trekking
Being an active volcano means that trekking conditions can change quickly. During periods of heightened volcanic activity, authorities may:
- Close the summit route to prevent exposure to ash and toxic gases.
- Restrict access to Segara Anak Lake and surrounding hot springs.
- Suspend trekking entirely in severe conditions.
While closures may disappoint trekkers, these measures are critical for ensuring safety.
Safety Measures for Trekking Mount Rinjani
Trekking an active volcano requires serious preparation and awareness. Below are key safety measures every trekker should follow:
- Check Official Updates – Always review reports from PVMBG and the Rinjani National Park Authority.
- Hire a Licensed Guide – Guides are mandatory and trained to respond to volcanic emergencies.
- Carry Emergency Gear – Pack face masks, headlamps, first-aid kits, and extra food supplies.
- Stay Informed During the Trek – Guides use radios and networks to receive the latest safety information.
- Respect Closures and Warnings – Ignoring safety restrictions can put lives at risk.
By following these precautions, trekkers can safely experience the thrill of Rinjani while minimizing risk.
Why Trek Mount Rinjani Despite Its Volcanic Activity?
Despite its active status, Mount Rinjani remains one of the world’s top trekking destinations. The combination of challenging climbs, spectacular scenery, and cultural significance makes it unique.
Highlights include:
- Sunrise from the Summit – A panoramic view that stretches to Mount Agung in Bali and the Gili Islands.
- Segara Anak Lake – A deep blue crater lake contrasting against the volcanic peaks.
- Hot Springs – Believed to hold healing properties.
- Biodiversity – Home to rare orchids, birds, and wildlife found only in this region.
The mountain’s volcanic character adds to its charm, giving trekkers a raw encounter with nature’s power.
Popular Trekking Routes on Mount Rinjani
There are two main routes to explore Mount Rinjani, each offering unique landscapes:
1. Senaru Route
- Begins in Senaru village.
- Known for lush rainforest trails and gradual climbs.
- Popular for reaching the crater rim, offering dramatic views of Segara Anak Lake.
2. Sembalun Route
- Starts from Sembalun village.
- Provides a more direct ascent to the summit.
- Favored by trekkers aiming to reach the peak for sunrise.
Many trekkers combine both routes, ascending via Sembalun and descending through Senaru, to maximize the experience.
Best Time to Trek Mount Rinjani
The trekking season is strongly influenced by weather and volcanic activity.
- Dry Season (April–November) – The best time for trekking. Clear skies, safer trails, and stunning summit views.
- Rainy Season (December–March) – Trekking is usually closed due to landslides and dangerous trail conditions.
Even during the dry season, volcanic activity may impact accessibility. Always confirm conditions with local authorities before your trip.
Cultural and Spiritual Importance of Mount Rinjani
Mount Rinjani is more than just a trekking destination—it is a sacred site for local communities.
- The Sasak people of Lombok and Balinese Hindus regard Rinjani as a holy mountain.
- Segara Anak Lake is a pilgrimage site where annual ceremonies take place.
- Offerings are made to the spirits of the mountain, reflecting deep spiritual traditions.
Understanding and respecting these customs enhances the trekking experience, allowing visitors to connect with local culture and heritage.
Practical Tips for a Successful Trek
- Train in Advance – Rinjani is a demanding climb; good physical fitness is essential.
- Pack Smart – Bring warm clothing, trekking poles, sturdy shoes, and waterproof layers.
- Stay Eco-Friendly – Choose operators who practice sustainable trekking and minimize waste.
- Acclimatize Properly – The high altitude can cause altitude sickness. Stay hydrated and pace yourself.
- Respect Nature and Culture – Remember, this is both an active volcano and a sacred place.
Frequently Asked Questions About Mount Rinjani’s Activity
Q: Is it safe to climb Mount Rinjani while active?
Yes, as long as authorities declare trekking safe. Safety closures are enforced during high activity.
Q: How dangerous are Rinjani’s eruptions?
Eruptions can be hazardous, but constant monitoring reduces risks for trekkers.
Q: Do I need a guide?
Yes, licensed guides are mandatory for safety, navigation, and cultural insight.
Q: What if the volcano erupts while I’m trekking?
Guides are trained in emergency evacuation procedures, and routes are only opened under safe conditions.
Conclusion
So, is Mount Rinjani active? Absolutely. Its volcanic nature is what makes it both challenging and extraordinary. While eruptions and activity pose risks, with proper monitoring, guides, and preparation, trekking Mount Rinjani remains one of the most rewarding adventures in Indonesia.
Standing at the summit, watching the sunrise over the islands, or gazing into the turquoise waters of Segara Anak, you’ll realize that Rinjani’s power is part of its unmatched beauty.
If you’re respectful, well-prepared, and informed, Mount Rinjani trekking can truly be the journey of a lifetime.